Influenza A virus subtype H9N2 infection disrupts the composition of intestinal microbiota of chickens

Isolation and Identification of Avian Influenza Virus H9N2 Subtype

Evaluation of the timing of the Escherichia coli co-infection on pathogenecity of H9N2 avian influenza virus in broiler chickens

Bacterial co-infections can probably influence the pathogenicity of H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exposure time to Escherichia coli (O:2) on the pathogenicity of H9N2 AIV in broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty broiler chickens were randomly allocated to six equal groups. At the age of 26 days, all chicks except groups 5 and 6 w...

Isolation of H9N2 Subtype of Avian Influenza Viruses during an Outbreak in Chickens in Iran

Avian influenza is an important disease of poultry with the potential to cause major epidemics resulting in significant economic losses. The presence of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in chickens in Iran has not been previously reported. An avian influenza outbreak in broiler, layer and breeder farms occurred during a very hot summer in July 1998. Three AIV isolates designated as 101, 102 and 10...

Optimizing the process of inactivating influenza virus subtype H9N2 by formalin in the production of killed avian influenza vaccine

Avian influenza is one of the most important diseases in avian industry, which also threats human population. Thus, vaccination is necessary for controlling this viral disease. In this study, killed vaccine of avian influenza subtype H9N2 and formalin solution (for virus inactivation) were used. It is necessary to study the effect of different factors such as formalin concentration, as well as ...

Assessing the excretion time of Iranian endemic influenza virus (H9N2 subtype) from laying chicken breeds

Background: The H9N2 subtype of the influenza virus, which is endemic in many regions of Iran, is considered as a candidate for future pandemics. In the present study, excretion time of the Iranian endemic influenza virus (H9N2 subtype) from the feces and pharyngeal secretions of laying chicken breeds was evaluated. Methods: This experimental study conducted at the Diagnostic Laboratory Scienc...